When two systems edit the same record, last-write-wins is the easy answer. It also throws away data on purpose. Here is when that is fine, and when it is a trap.
When you really delete a row, other systems can never learn that it is gone. A tombstone is a delete you can see. Here is why it matters and how to use one.
Offset pagination is easy to write and breaks in two ways: it gets slow, and it skips or repeats rows when the data changes. Cursor pagination fixes both. Here is the difference.